There appear to be three main ways:
Adobe Photoshop
- Can be downloaded into sub-folders by date, but these are incorrect
- Live photos are downloaded as a jpeg and 2 second .mov file with the same root name (e.g. IMG_6920.JPG/ IMG_6920.MOV)
- Edited photos are downloaded as the original (e.g. IMG_8372.JPG), and an edited version (e.g. IMG_E8372.JPG)
- Instagram photos are downloaded with a 8 char UID, e.g. CHSP3732.JPG
Download from iCloud
- Downloaded as a zip file extracting to a single folder
- Live photos are downloaded as a jpeg and 2 second .mov file with the same root name
- Edited Photos are downloaded as the edited version only, with a .JPEG extension (rather than the usual .JPG)
- Instagram photos are downloaded with a UUID name (e.g. 5815967B-18C8-4CB8-8550-B7C2147F7187.jpg)
Copy from DCIM directory
- Stored in directories according to month, e.g. 202110_
- Live photos are downloaded as a jpeg and 2 second .mov file with the same root name
- Edited photos are downloaded as the original (e.g. IMG_8372.JPG), an edited version (e.g. IMG_E8372.JPG), and the AAE metadata (e.g. IMG_8372.AAE)
- Instagram photos are downloaded with a 8 char UID, e.g. CHSP3732.JPG
In short, using Photoshop is probably the best way to download images from an iPhone, although they must be on the device, not stored on iCloud with smaller versions downloaded kept on the phone...